Java Toolkit for Automation Engineers

String runMode = "headless";            // object, immutable
Integer waitSeconds = 15;               // wrapper class (autoboxing from int)
var portalUrl = "https://qa.awu-portal.test"; // Java 10+: inferred as String
final int SEAT_LIMIT = 40;              // can never be reassigned
static final String STAGE = "uat";      // class-level constant

String shownFee = driver.findElement(By.id("payable-fee")).getText(); // "  ₹4,999.00 "
double fee = Double.parseDouble(shownFee.trim().replace("₹", "").replace(",", ""));
Assert.assertEquals(fee, 4999.00, 0.001);

// if / else-if / else
if (code == 201) { log("Enrolment created"); }
else if (code == 409) { log("Learner already enrolled"); }
else { log("Unexpected: " + code); }
 
// Ternary
String badge = (attendance >= 75) ? "ELIGIBLE" : "NOT ELIGIBLE";
 
// Switch expression (Java 14+)
String bucket = switch (code / 100) {
    case 2 -> "Success";
    case 3 -> "Redirect";
    case 4 -> "Client side";
    case 5 -> "Server side";
    default -> "Unknown";
};
 
// Loops
for (int row = 1; row <= table.rowCount(); row++) { /* row number needed */ }
for (WebElement tile : batchTiles) { System.out.println(tile.getText()); }
do { refreshStatus(); } while (!isPublished() && ++tries < 4); // demo only — prefer explicit waits

public abstract class AwuScreen {
    protected final WebDriver driver;
    protected final WebDriverWait wait;
 
    protected AwuScreen(WebDriver driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
        this.wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
    }
    public String currentHeading() { return driver.findElement(By.tagName("h1")).getText(); }
    public abstract boolean isOpened();                       // abstraction
}
 
public class SignInScreen extends AwuScreen {                  // inheritance
    private final By learnerEmail = By.id("learner-email");   // encapsulation
    private final By secretKey    = By.id("account-password");
    private final By enterBtn     = By.cssSelector("[data-qa='enter-portal']");
 
    public SignInScreen(WebDriver driver) { super(driver); }
 
    @Override
    public boolean isOpened() {
        return wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(enterBtn)).isDisplayed();
    }
 
    public LearnerHomeScreen enterPortal(String email, String secret) {
        driver.findElement(learnerEmail).sendKeys(email);
        driver.findElement(secretKey).sendKeys(secret);
        driver.findElement(enterBtn).click();
        return new LearnerHomeScreen(driver);
    }
}

// LIST — keeps order, allows repeats
List<String> modules = new ArrayList<>();
modules.add("Locators"); modules.add("Fixtures"); modules.add("Locators");
modules.get(1);               // "Fixtures"
modules.size();               // 3
modules.indexOf("Fixtures");  // 1
List<String> stages = List.of("local", "qa", "uat");   // read-only (Java 9+)
 
// SET — drops repeats
Set<String> windowIds = driver.getWindowHandles();     // every open tab, once
Set<String> labels = new LinkedHashSet<>(List.of("@ui", "@api", "@ui")); // [@ui, @api]
 
// MAP — key → value
Map<String, Object> enrolPayload = new LinkedHashMap<>();
enrolPayload.put("batch", "PW-TS-Nov");
enrolPayload.put("seats", 1);
enrolPayload.putIfAbsent("mode", "online");
enrolPayload.forEach((k, v) -> System.out.println(k + " → " + v));

try {
    driver.findElement(By.id("festive-offer-dismiss")).click();
} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
    log("Offer banner absent today — moving on");        // narrowest catch first
} catch (WebDriverException e) {
    throw new CourseNotFoundException("Python Basics", e); // wrap with context
} finally {
    attachLogs("offer-step");                              // runs pass or fail
}
 
// Your own exception = clearer failure messages
public class CourseNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public CourseNotFoundException(String course, Throwable cause) {
        super("Course card not found: " + course, cause);
    }
}

record Course(String name, int fee) {}
 
// Before Java 8 — a whole anonymous class just to sort by fee
Comparator<Course> byFee = new Comparator<Course>() {
    @Override public int compare(Course a, Course b) { return Integer.compare(a.fee(), b.fee()); }
};
// Same logic as a lambda
Comparator<Course> byFeeLambda = (a, b) -> Integer.compare(a.fee(), b.fee());
// Shortest: helper + method reference
courses.sort(Comparator.comparingInt(Course::fee).reversed());
 
// Lambda shapes
Runnable ping = () -> log("suite ready");                    // no input
Function<Integer, Integer> withGst = fee -> fee * 118 / 100; // one input
BinaryOperator<Integer> add = (x, y) -> x + y;               // two inputs

List<Integer> codes = List.of(200, 201, 404, 500, 200, 302, 401);
 
codes.stream().filter(c -> c >= 400).toList();               // [404, 500, 401]
codes.stream().map(c -> "HTTP " + c).toList();                // [HTTP 200, HTTP 201, ...]
codes.stream().distinct().count();                            // 6
codes.stream().sorted(Comparator.reverseOrder()).toList();    // highest first
codes.stream().allMatch(c -> c < 600);                        // true
codes.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).max().getAsInt();  // 500
Map<Boolean, List<Integer>> okVsFailed =
    codes.stream().collect(Collectors.partitioningBy(c -> c < 400));
 
// Real use: are the batch fees on the page sorted low → high?
List<Integer> fees = driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("[data-qa='batch-fee']")).stream()
    .map(WebElement::getText)
    .map(t -> Integer.parseInt(t.replaceAll("[^0-9]", "")))
    .toList();
Assert.assertEquals(fees, fees.stream().sorted().toList());

Optional<String> banner = Optional.ofNullable(learnerHome.findOfferBanner());
banner.isPresent();                               // value there?
banner.orElse("No offer running");               // fallback
banner.map(String::strip).orElse("");            // transform safely
banner.ifPresent(text -> log("Offer: " + text));

// awu-settings.properties  →  runMode=headless, stage=qa
Properties settings = new Properties();
try (Reader r = Files.newBufferedReader(Path.of("src/test/resources/awu-settings.properties"))) {
    settings.load(r);
}
String runMode = settings.getProperty("runMode", "headed");
 
// java.nio.file helpers (Java 11+)
Path batchFile = Path.of("fixtures/batches.csv");
if (Files.exists(batchFile)) {
    try (Stream<String> lines = Files.lines(batchFile)) {
        long rows = lines.skip(1).count();          // ignore header row
    }
}
Files.writeString(Path.of("run-output/summary.log"), "Suite finished",
    StandardOpenOption.CREATE, StandardOpenOption.APPEND);
 
// Read one field from JSON without a POJO (Jackson tree model)
JsonNode root = new ObjectMapper().readTree(Files.readString(Path.of("fixtures/enrolment.json")));
String batchCode = root.path("batch").path("code").asText();

public enum Stage {
    LOCAL("http://localhost:3000", "http://localhost:8080/api"),
    QA("https://qa.awu-portal.test", "https://qa-api.awu-portal.test"),
    UAT("https://uat.awu-portal.test", "https://uat-api.awu-portal.test");
 
    private final String web, api;
    Stage(String web, String api) { this.web = web; this.api = api; }
    public String web() { return web; }
    public String api() { return api; }
}
 
Stage stage = Stage.valueOf(System.getProperty("stage", "QA").toUpperCase());
driver.get(stage.web());

public final class BrowserManager {
    private static final ThreadLocal<WebDriver> SESSION = new ThreadLocal<>();
    private BrowserManager() {}
 
    public static void open(String name) {
        WebDriver d = switch (name) {
            case "edge" -> new EdgeDriver();
            case "firefox" -> new FirefoxDriver();
            default -> new ChromeDriver();
        };
        SESSION.set(d);
    }
    public static WebDriver current() { return SESSION.get(); }
    public static void close() {
        if (SESSION.get() != null) { SESSION.get().quit(); SESSION.remove(); }
    }
}

Enrolment e = Enrolment.builder().learner("Priya").batch("PW-TS-Nov").seats(1).build();
 
@DataProvider(name = "couponCases")
public Object[][] couponCases() {
    return new Object[][] {
        { "FESTIVE20", 5000, 4000 },   // coupon, fee, expected payable
        { "EXPIRED10", 5000, 5000 },
        { "",          5000, 5000 },
    };
}
 
@Test(dataProvider = "couponCases")
public void couponIsApplied(String code, int fee, int payable) { /* ... */ }